2026年6月英语六级考试阅读理解专项训练题库(3)

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　　2026年6月英语六级考试阅读理解专项训练题库(3)

　　A controversy erupted in the scientific community in early 1998 over the use of DNA (deoxyribo nucle ic acid ) fingerprin ting in criminal investiga tions. DNA fingerprinting was introduced in 1987 as a method 10 id en tify individuals based on a patlem seen in their DNA, thc molec ule of wh.ic h genes are made. DNA is present in every cell of the body cxce pt red blood cells DNA fingerprinting has been used successfully in various ways, such as to determine paternity where it is not clear who the father of a particular child is. However, it is in the area of crim.inal invest igations that DNA fingerprinting has potentiall y powe,ful and controvers ial uses.

　　DNA finge rprintillg and othcr DNA a nalysis techniques have rcvolutionized cri 皿 nal investigations by giving investigators

　　powerful new tools in the attempt to trove guilt, not just establish innocence . When used in cri 血 nal inves tigations, a DNA fingerprint pattern from a suspect is compared with a DNA fingerprint patlern obtained from s uch material as hairs or blood found at the scene of a crime. A match between the two DNA samples can be used as evidence to convict a s uspect

　　The controversy in 1998 stemmed form a report publis hed in December 1991 by population geneticists 伈 chard C. Lewontin of Harvard University in Cambridge , Mass., and Daniel L. Hartl called into question the metho ds to calculate how likely it is that a match betwee n two DNA fing, e -prints might occur by chance alone. In particular , they argued that the cmTent method cannot properly determ.ine the likelihood that two DNA samples will match because they came from the same individual rather than simply from two different individuals who are members of the same ethnic group. Lewontin an d Hartl called for beuer surveys of DNA patterns methods are adequate.

　　In response to their criticisms, population geneticists Ranajit C hak raborty of the University of Texas in Da llas a nd Kc n_neth K.Kidd of Yale University in New Haven, Conn., argued that enough data are already available to show that the methods c urrently being used are adequate. In January 1998, however, the federal Bureau of Investiga tion and laboratories that conduc t DNA tests announced that they would co llec t additional DNA samples form various ethn ic groups in an attempt to resolve so mc of these questio ns. And , in April, a National Academy of Scienccs called for strict standards and system of accreditation for DNA tes ting laboratories.

　　1. Before DNA fingerprinting is used, suspects—·

　　A. would have to leave their fingerprints for furthe rinves tigations

　　B. would have to submit evidence for their innocence

　　C.could easily escape conviction of guilt

　　D.cold be convicted of guilt as well

　　2. DNA finge rprinting can be unreliable when --:-衄.

　　A. the methods used for blood- cell calculauo n are no!accurate

　　B. two different individuals of the sa me e thnic group may have the same DNA fingerprinting pallern

　　C.a match is by chance left with fingerprints that happen to belong to two different individuals

　　D.two different individuals leave two DNA samples.

　　3. To 。"eneticists like Lewontin and Hartl, the current method

　　A. is not so convincing as to exclude the likelihood that two DNA sa mples can never come from two individuals

　　B. is arguable becausc two individuals of thc same eth.nic group are likely to have the same DNA pattern.

　　C. Is not based on adequate scientific theory of genetics

　　D. ls theorc tically contradic tory to what thcy have becn studying

　　4. The attitude of the Federal Bereau of Investigation shows that

　　A. enough data are yet to be collected form various ethnic groups to confirm the unlikelihood of two DNA samples coming from two individual membe1-s

　　B.e noug h data of DNA samples should be collected to confirm that only DNA samples form the same person can match

　　C. e noug h data are yet to be collected from various ethnic groups to determine the likelihood of two different DNA samples co血 ng form the same person

　　D. additional samples from va1i ous ethnic groups should be collected to determine that two DNA samplcs are unli kely to come from the same person

　　5. National Acadcmy of Scienccs hold s the stancc that —·

　　A.DNA testing s hould be systematized

　　B.Only authorized laboratories can conduct DNA testing

　　C.T he academy only is autho1i zed to work out sta ndards for tcsting

　　D.T he academy has the right lo accredit laboratories for DNA testing

　　答案： CBABB

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