2016年12月英语六级考试语法知识:分词

2016-06-27 15:59:21来源:网络

  (3)做表语时的不同。现在分词做表语表示主语所具有的特征,意思是“令人如何”。过去分词多表示主语所处的状态,意思是“感到如何”。 例如:

  His lecture is disappointing。I’m disappointed。他的演讲令人失望。我感到失望。 We are surprised to hear the news。The news is surprising。我们听到那消息吃了一惊。那消息令人吃惊。

  The situation is encouraging。 We’re encouraged。形式使人鼓舞。我们感到鼓舞。 常用的还有:amusing/amused,astonishing/astonished,disappointing /disappointed,exciting/excited,frightening/frightened,interesting interested,moving/moved, relaxing/relaxed,satisfying/satisfied,shocking/shocked,surprising /surprised,terrifying/terrified,tiring/tired,worrying/worried等等。 (4)做状语的区别,分词短语在句中可做时间、原因、方式、伴随状语。现在分词的动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生、意思是主动的。而过去分词的动作在谓语动作之前发生、意思是被动的。 例如:

  Seeing nobody at home,she decided to leave them a note。看到没人在家,她决定给他们留个条。(主动意义,几乎同时)

  The secretary worked late into the night,preparing a speech for the president。秘书工作到晚上很晚,给总统准备一篇演说。(主动意义,同时)

  Tired of the noise,he closed the window。对噪音感到厌烦,所以他把窗户关上。(被动意义,在谓语之前) Deeply moved,she thanked me again and again。她深深地受了感动,再三谢我。(被动意义,在谓语之前)

  Persuade by my mother,she gladly went there alone。在我母亲劝说下,她才高兴地独自去那里。(被动意义,在谓语之前)

  如果现在分词的动作在谓语动作之前发生,现在分词要用完成形式,但意思仍然是主动的。 例如:

  Having watered the vegetables,they began to pick up the Apples。=After they had watered the vegetables,they began to pick up the apples。他们浇完了蔬菜之后就开始摘苹果。

  Having finished the work,he packed his tools and left。完工后,他收拾起工具走了。 分词做状语时,前面可用连词或介词。 例如:

  After eating my dinner quickly,I went to see Jim off。我赶快吃过晚饭就去给吉姆送行。

  Though built before the Second World War,the engine is still in good condition。尽管是在二战以前建的,这引擎仍然处于良好状态。

  Unless paying by credit card,please pay in cash。如果不用信用卡付款,请用现金付。

  Tom will never do this unless compelled。汤姆永远也不会干这种事,除非被逼无奈。

  She’s been quite different since coming back from America。从美国回来后,她大变了。

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