2017年12月英语六级阅读备考技巧及解析

　　Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one out of every five Americans at work was employed, i. e., worked for somebody else. Today only one out of five is not employed but working for himself. And when fifty years ago "being employed" meant working as a factory labourer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills. Indeed, two things have characterized American society during these last fifty years: middle-class and upper - class employees have been the fastest-growing groups in our working population-growing so fast that the industrial worker, that oldest child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production.

　　Yet you will fine little if anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. You can also find a good deal of work in a chosen field, whether it be the mechanist' s trade or bookkeeping (簿记). Every one of these trades requires different skills, sets different standards, and requires a different preparation. Yet they all have employeeship in common. And increasingly, especially in the large business or in government, employeeship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skill. Certainly more people fail because they do not know the requirements of being an employee than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade; the higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge.

　　4. 作者态度题(attitude)——正负态度

　　凡是文章探讨新事物——正态度

　　凡是文章探讨老事物——负态度

　　例外：中立题

　　25. The writer’s attitude towards the use of the telephone is ______.

　　A) affectionate

　　B) disapproving

　　C) approving

　　D) neutral

　　例子：例子必出题。文章有论点-论据-论证，例子是论证，用来支持论点，所以简而言之，例子本身不重要，但前后论点极其重要。

　　例子开始的标志：for example，后面跟着大写、时间、年代，依然是举例内容。

　　例子含义的标志：show, tell, prove, demonstrate, find, clearly

　　[Page72]

　　In the United States, the need to protect plant and animal species has become a highly controversial and sharply political issue since the passage of the Endangered Species Act in 1973. The act, designed to protect species' living areas, and policies that preserve land and forests compete with economic interests. In the 1990's, for example, the woodcutters in the Western United States were challenged legally in their attempt to cut trees for timber in the Cascade Mountains. The challenge was mounted to protect the endangered spotted owl(猫头鹰), whose remaining population occupies these forests and requires the intact, ancient forest for survival. The problematic situation set the interests of environmentalists against those of corporations and of individuals who stood to lose jobs. After months of debate and legal battles, the fate of the woodcutters-and the owls-was still undecided in mid-1992.

　　注：1. controversial的意思是受争议的，同“sharply political issue”，contro表示“反”

　　2. for example前句子是重点

　　3. problematic悬而未决的

　　Similar tensions exist between the developed and the developing nations. Many people in industrialized nations, for example, believe that developing nations in tropical regions should do more to protect their rain forests and other natural areas. But the developing countries may be impoverished (使穷困), with populations growing so rapidly that using the land is a means to temporarily avoid worsening poverty and starvation.

　　注：1. tension张力，冲突

　　2. 看到similar就说明第二段说的和第一段一样。

　　3. But转折是重点

　　Many of the changes to Earth that concern scientists have the potential to rob the planet of its biological richness. The destruction of Earth's ozone layer (臭氧层), for example, could contribute to the general process of impoverishment by allowing ultra-violet rays to harm plants and animals. And global warming could wipe out species unable to quickly adapt to changing climates. Clearly, protecting will come only through coordinated international efforts to control human population, stabilize the composition of the atmosphere, and preserve intact Earth's complex web life.

　　36.Why does the author say that the protection of endangered species is a highly controversial issue?

　　A) Because people can't agree as to what species to protect.

　　B) Because it is difficult to find an effective way to protect such species.

　　C) Because it affects the interests of certain groups of people.

　　D) Because it is a major problem involving a series of legal procedures.

　　注：细节题。第一段economic interests

大学英语六级寒假全程班