2013年6月英语六级答案

　　Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

　　Section A

　　Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

　　Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

　　The central notion of social learning theories is that people learn attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors through social ___36___. The learning is a result of reinforcement, imitation, and modeling.

　　Reinforcement occurs when we receive direct or indirect rewards or punishments for particular ___37___ role behaviors. For example, a little girl who puts on her mother’s makeup may be told that she is cute, but her brother who does the same thing will be ___38___. Children also learn gender roles through ___39___reinforcement. For example, if a little boy’s male friends are punished for crying, he will learn that “boys don’t cry.”

　　Children also learn to ___40___ as boys or girls through observation and imitation. Even when children are not directly rewarded or punished for “behaving like boys” or “behaving like girls,” they learn about gender by ___41___ who does what in their families. A father who is ___42___ at home because he’s always working sends the message that men are supposed to earn money. A mother who is always complaining about being overweight or old sends the message that women are supposed to be thin and young.

　　Because parents are emotionally important to their children, they are typically a child’s most ___43___ role models. Other role models include caregivers, teachers, friends, and celebrities. According to a multiethnic study of Los Angeles adolescents, teenagers who said that their role model was someone they knew, e.g. a parent, relative, friend, or doctor outside the family, had higher self-esteem, higher grades, and lower ___44___ use than peers whose role models were sports figures, singers, or other media characters. The researchers concluded that role model selection can have a positive or negative outcome on a teenager’s ___45___ development.

　　A) psychosocial I) scolded

　　B) gender J) watching

　　C) praised K) substance

　　D) indirect L) connection

　　E) display M) usually

　　F) rarely N) behave

　　G) simulating O) powerful

　　H) interaction

　　Section B

　　Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

　　High-intensity Weight Training

　　A) Once a week, Maurice Hank Greenberg, the former chief executive of insurer AIG, leaves his Park Avenue office and travels across New York’s Central Park to a basement crowded with Rube Goldberg-esque machines in a brownstone building on the trendy Upper West Side. While Mr. Greenberg is renowned for his strong views on business, this crowded room is where the 87-year-old builds his remarkable physical strength.

　　B) Greenberg is among a small group of busy New York executives who make a pilgrimage(朝圣之旅) to a place called Serious Strength, a gym that specializes in a technique called high-intensity resistance training, to get a complete body workout in just 30 minutes a week. Unlike spending hours jogging on treadmills or pedaling exercise bikes, high-intensity weight training promises all the benefits of aerobics(有氧运动) plus more strength in just a fraction of the time of conventional workouts.

　　C) “The amount of weight I can push or pull is multiples of my own strength,” boasts Greenberg, who is now chairman and CEO of CV Star & Co, a financial services firm. “I’m exercising more strenuously than I ever have in my life. In just 30 minutes a week you can see progress in what you’re doing and how good you feel.”

　　D) While high-intensity weight training has been practiced since the 1980s, when an entrepreneur named Arthur Jones began making gym equipment under the Nautilus brand, the technique has only recently garnered sufficient scientific support to back up its superiority as a workout.

　　E) Books such as Body By Science, by a South Carolina-based emergency room physician named Doug McGuff, and The Slow Burn Fitness Revolution, by Fred Hahn, who owns Mr. Greenberg’s gym in New York, describe the scientific basis for exercising compound groups of muscles to total exhaustion using very slow movements. In practice, that means five or six exercises done for just five to six super slow repetitions, or just 15 minutes of actual lifting. Some adherents, such as McGuff, believe that just one workout a week is sufficient, while Hahn and others prefer two workouts.

　　F) Hahn points out that high-intensity resistance improves blood pressure, increases the level of good cholesterol(胆固醇) in your blood, lowers triglyceride(甘油三酸酯) levels, maintains blood sugar, helps with insulin sensitivity and builds not only muscular strength but muscular endurance. McGuff, meanwhile, flags up the medical benefits of the high-intensity workout, which he says can help eliminate “diabetes, hypertension, gout, hypercholesterolemia, and all the consequences of being sedentary and eating a diet of fast food.”

　　G) Although exercise fads come and go, high-intensity is in the unusual position of advocating that people actually practice it less. Hardcore bodybuilders have raised doubts about whether the system is really superior to their many hours spent in the gym, but proponents such as Hahn say that while you can build muscle in long workouts, why bother when less time spent in the gym can produce such good results. Proponents also point out that everyone has a genetic limit to how strong they can get or how big their muscles will grow, no matter how much exercise they do.

　　H) Perhaps counter-intuitively(与直观感受相反地), the high-intensity method seems to have gained more popularity in Europe than in the fitness-crazed US, where it faded from the cover of magazines after a brief surge in popularity about 10 years ago. McGuff thinks this is partly explained by the fact that recent scientific support for the method comes largely from European and Canadian universities. Another reason consists in Europe people’s lack of the culture of “more is better” that North Americans have. This work ethic where the answer is always to do more and do it harder makes people a lot more skeptical about an exercise system that restricts volume and frequency as a way to get results.

　　I) While it is possible to do a high-intensity workout with barbells or even body weight, most gyms that specialize in high-intensity use machines originally designed by Jones such as Nautilus and Med-X. This is because it can be dangerous to lift a heavy free weight to exhaustion. These machines involve rotation around several joints, working a large group of muscles at one time, reducing the overall time in the gym.

　　J) At least initially, the workout consists of what is termed “the big five”—a seated row, chest press, pull-down, overhead press and leg press, each done for about 90 seconds. McGuff says he even gets good results doing just three exercises, provided they are done extremely slowly and to complete exhaustion, followed by several days of recuperative (恢复性的) rest.

　　K) One company that has capitalized on the workout’s appeal to businesspeople is Kieser Training, a Zurich-based group that has set up many high-intensity gyms in Europe and Asia. “We target the professional, middle-aged executive who wants to exercise in a serious manner,” says Marcel Haasters, a German who runs the Kieser Training gym in London’s Camden Town. “There is no music, no mirrors on the wall and no juice bar. It’s not for typical gym users but people who don’t like typical gyms.”

　　L) Kieser appeals especially to mobile executives because for a￡580 annual fee, travelling businessmen can use any gym in the Kieser Training system from Zurich to Australia. The gym uses special machines licensed from the late Arthur Jones’s estate and features rehabilitative (使复原的) training as well as pure exercise.

　　M) Steven Bailey, a video games analyst for Screen Digest who lives near the City of London, says he has been doing the Kieser Training for three years and that it has changed his life. Bailey feels it’s great for people like him who has a sedentary lifestyle and sit at a desk all day. Before Kieser he used to collapse around 3pm but now he has a lot more energy.

　　N) A particularly impressive piece of equipment offered by Kieser Training looks like something out of the Spanish Inquisition (宗教法庭). Once you are strapped down and screwed into the machine, your lower body and hips are immobilized, which allows it to measure accurately the strength of your lower back muscles— which are often the bane of desk-bound executives. The Kieser machine has a computer database that compares your back strength to other individuals of your age group, and is then capable of training your back to make the muscles stronger.

　　O) Alastair McLellan, who uses the gym in Camden Town, started the workout about six years ago to help with his bad back. According to the 48-year-old editor of the Health Service Journal, the fact that he can build the strength in just one short session a week and solve his back problem makes it very good use of his time. It’s also allowed him to do a lot more exercise. He now cycles to work most days.

　　P) However, the workout’s proponents admit that while the method has many benefits, a high-intensity workout or any gym programme is unlikely to help executives completely lose those unsightly guts gained from years of eating expense-account lunches. For that, dietary changes are the most important ingredient.

　　46. Some books on health give a scientific account of how slow movements are used to practice muscles.

　　47. By exercising with machines devised by Jones, fitness lovers can train a large group of their muscles at one time and shorten the total exercise time.

　　48. High-intensity training has recently received enough scientific support to prove its effectiveness of keeping good health.

　　49. At first, high-intensity training includes five kinds of exercises and each lasts for around one and a half minute.

　　50. A video games analyst thinks it’s suitable for people sitting at a desk all day to do high-intensity exercises in the gym of Kieser Training.

　　51. A few business managers spend time on high-intensity resistance training regularly.

　　52. Exercising in a highly intense way cannot only make strong and enduring muscles, but also has some other benefits.

　　53. For senior managerial staff, the key to keeping good health is improving the food structure.

　　54. Some exercisers believe that genes decide one’s physical strength or muscular power regardless of the amount of exercise.

　　55. People who attach importance to traditional training are not the target customers of Kieser Training.

　　Section C

　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.