2018年12月英语六级仔细阅读真题及答案-卷一（新东方在线）

　　新东方在线英语六级频道考后发布2018年12月英语六级仔细阅读真题及答案-卷一（新东方在线），同时新东方实力师资团队将对英语六级真题答案做权威解析，免费领取【大学英语六级真题解析】课程。更多2018年12月英语六级听力真题答案、英语六级作文真题范文、英语六级阅读真题答案、英语六级翻译真题答案，请查看【2018年12月英语六级真题答案解析】专题。预祝大家高分通过大学英语六级考试!

　　Section C

　　Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

　　For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept is to explain it to someone else. “While we teach, we learn,” said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up-to-date. They’re documenting why teaching is such a fruitful way to learn, and designing innovative ways for young people to engage in instruction.

　　Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor others work harder to understand the material, recall it more accurately and apply it more effectively. Student teachers score higher on tests than pupils who’re learning only for their own sake. But how can children, still learning themselves, teach others? One answer: They can tutor younger kids, Some studies have found that first-born children are more intelligent than their later-born siblings (兄弟姐妹). This suggests their higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their siblings. Now educators are experimenting with ways to apply this model to academic subjects. They engage college undergraduates to teach computer science to high school students, who in turn instruct middle school students on the topic.

　　But the most cutting-edge tool under development is the “teachable agent”—a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world pupil. Computer scientists have created an animated (动画的) figure called Betty’s Brain, who has been “taught” about environmental science by hundreds of middle school students. Student teachers are motivated to help Betty master certain materials. While preparing to teach, they organize their knowledge and improve their own understanding. And as they explain the information to it, they identify problems in their own thinking.

　　Feedback from the teachable agents further enhances the tutors’ learning. The agents’ questions compel student tutors to think and explain the materials in different ways, and watching the agent solve problems allows them to see their knowledge put into action.

　　Above all, it’s the emotions one experiences in teaching that facilitate learning. Student tutors feel upset when their teachable agents fail, but happy when these virtual pupils succeed as they derive pride and satisfaction from someone else’s accomplishment.

　　1

　　What are researchers rediscovering through their studies?

　　

　　A.

　　Seneca’s thinking is still applicable today.

　　

　　B.

　　Better learners will become better teachers.

　　

　　C.

　　Human intelligence tends to grow with age.

　　

　　D.

　　Philosophical thinking improves instruction.

　　2

　　What do we learn about Betty’s Brain?

　　

　　A.

　　It is a character in a popular animation.

　　

　　B.

　　It is a teaching tool under development.

　　

　　C.

　　It is a cutting-edge app in digital games.

　　

　　D.

　　It is a tutor for computer science students.

　　3

　　How does teaching others benefit student tutors?

　　

　　A.

　　It makes them aware of what they are strong at.

　　

　　B.

　　It motivates them to try novel ways of teaching.

　　

　　C.

　　It helps them learn their academic subjects better.

　　

　　D.

　　It enables them to better understand their teachers.

　　4

　　What do students do to teach their teachable agents?

　　

　　A.

　　They motivate them to think independently.

　　

　　B.

　　They ask them to design their own questions.

　　

　　C.

　　They encourage them to give prompt feedback.

　　

　　D.

　　They use various ways to explain the materials.

　　5

　　What is the key factor that eases student tutors’ learning?

　　

　　A.

　　Their sense of responsibility.

　　

　　B.

　　Their emotional involvement.

　　

　　C.

　　The learning strategy acquired.

　　

　　D.

　　The teaching experience gained.

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

　　On Jan. 9, 2007, 10 years ago today, Steve Jobs formally announced Apple's "revolutionary mobile phone" — a device that combined the functionality of an iPod, phone and Internet communication into a single unit, navigated by touch.

　　It was a huge milestone in the development of smartphones, which are now owned by a majority of American adults and are increasingly common across the globe.

　　As smartphones have proliferated, so have questions about their impact on how we live and how we work. Often the advantages of convenient, mobile technology are both obvious and taken for granted, leaving more subtle topics for concerned discussion: Are smartphones disturbing children's sleep? Is an inability to get away from work having a negative impact on health? And what are the implications for privacy?

　　But today, on the 10th anniversary of the iPhone, let's take a moment to consider a less obvious advantage: the potential for smartphone technology to revolutionize behavioral science. That's because, for the first time in human history, a large proportion of the species is in continuous contact with technology that can record key features of an individual's behavior and environment. To quote a recent article published in Perspectives in Psychological Science: "Psychology has a great deal of data on what people believe they do... but little data on what people actually do."

　　Researchers have already begun to use smartphones in social scientific research, either to query people regularly as they engage in their normal lives or to record activity using the device's built-in sensors. These studies are confirming, challenging and extending what's been found using more traditional approaches, in which people report how they behaved in real life or participate in relatively short and artificial laboratory-based tasks.

　　To illustrate the use of smartphone-based data collection, consider a forthcoming study that combined queries embedded in everyday life with sensor data to paint a more accurate picture of how mood is affected by a person's location. The data for the study came from more than 12,000 members of the general public who downloaded a free Android app to participate in the research. Twice during the day, they were prompted to report their mood and location, with location information additionally collected from the phone's location sensors. Using both kinds of location data, the study found that people reported significantly more positive moods in locations that typically involve social interactions (such as a café or friend's house) than at home, and more positive moods at home than at work.

　　Other studies have used sensor data to draw more subtle kinds of inferences. For instance, a study published in 2015 followed 48 students over the course of a 10-week school term. Using a combination of location, activity and audio sensors, the researchers could infer students' patterns of class attendance, study time, physical activity and socializing. These variables, in turn, predicted student GPA with surprisingly high accuracy. Another 2015 study used mobile phones to track 40 adult participants over a two-week period. Using patterns of movement and phone usage, the researchers were able to identify behaviors that predicted symptoms of depression.

　　These studies are just first steps. As more data are collected and methods for analysis improve, researchers will be in a better position to identify how different experiences, behaviors and environments relate to each other and evolve over time, with the potential to improve people's productivity and wellbeing in a variety of domains. Beyond revealing population-wide patterns, the right combination of data and analysis can also help individuals identify unique characteristics of their own behavior, including conditions that could indicate the need for some form of intervention — such as an uptick in behaviors that signal a period of depression.

　　Smartphone-based data collection comes at an opportune time in the evolution of psychological science. Today, the field is in transition, moving away from a focus on laboratory studies with undergraduate participants towards more complex, real-world situations studied with more diverse groups of people. Smartphones offer new tools for achieving these ambitions, offering rich data about everyday behaviors in a variety of contexts.

　　So here's another way in which smartphones might transform the way we live and work: by offering insights into human psychology and behavior and, thus, supporting smarter social science.

　　1

　　What does the author say about the negative impact of smartphones?

　　

　　A.

　　It has been overshadowed by the positive impact.

　　

　　B.

　　It has more often than not been taken for granted.

　　

　　C.

　　It is not so obvious but has caused some concern.

　　

　　D.

　　It is subtle but should by no means be overstated.

　　2

　　What is considered a less obvious advantaged of smartphone technology?

　　

　　A.

　　It systematically records real human interactions.

　　

　　B.

　　It helps people benefit from technological advances.

　　

　　C.

　　It brings people into closer contact with each other.

　　

　　D.

　　It greatly improves research on human behavior.

　　3

　　What characterizes traditional psychological research?

　　

　　A.

　　It is based on huge amounts of carefully collected data.

　　

　　B.

　　It relies on lab observations and participants’ reports.

　　

　　C.

　　It makes use of the questionnaire method.

　　

　　D.

　　It is often expensive and time-consuming.

　　4

　　How will future psychological studies benefit individuals?

　　

　　A.

　　By helping them pin down their unusual behaviors.

　　

　　B.

　　By helping them maintain a positive state of mind.

　　

　　C.

　　By helping them live their lives in a unique way.

　　

　　D.

　　By helping them cope with abnormal situations.

　　5

　　What do we learn about current psychological studies?

　　

　　A.

　　They are going through a period of painful transition.

　　

　　B.

　　They are increasingly focused on real-life situations.

　　

　　C.

　　They are conducted in a more rigorous manner.

　　

　　D.

　　They are mainly targeted towards undergraduates.

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