2014年6月大学英语六级真题及答案完整版

　　2014年6月大学英语六级真题及答案完整版

　　PartI Writing ( 30minutes)

　　Directions: For this part, you areallowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to put allyour eggs in one basket. You can give examples to illustrate your point .Youshould write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

　　Directions: For this part, you areallowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise a person bytheir appearance. You can give examples to illustrate your point .You shouldwrite at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

　　Directions: For this part, you areallowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to jump toconclusions upon seeing or hearing something. You can give examples toillustrate your point .You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200words.

　　Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

　　Section A

　　Directions:In this section,youwill hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end of eachconversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each questionthere will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the four choices markedA),B),C)and D),and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet1 with a single line through the centre.

　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

　　1.A)They might be stolen goods

　　B)They might be fake products

　　C)They might be faulty products

　　D)They might be smuggled good

　　2.A)They are civil servants

　　B)They are job applicants

　　C)They are news reporters

　　D)They are public speakers

　　3.A)The man has decided to quithis computer class

　　B)The woman wants to get a degreein administration

　　C)A computer degree is a must foradministrative work

　　D)The man went to change the timeof his computer class

　　4.A)A lot of contestantsparticipated in the show

　　B)The fifth contestant won thebiggest prize

　　C)It was not as exciting as he hadexpected

　　D)It was sponsored by a carmanufacturer

　　5.A)Reading a newspaper column

　　B)Looking at a railway timetable

　　C)Driving form New York to Boston

　　D)Waiting for someone at theairport

　　6.A)He wears a coat bought in themall

　　B)He got a new job at thebarbershop

　　C)He had a finger hurt last night

　　D)He had his hair cut yesterday

　　7.A)He cannot appreciate thePicasso exhibition

　　B)Even his nephew can draw as wellas Picasso

　　C)He is not quite impressed withmodern paintings

　　D)Some drawings by kindergartenkids are excellent

　　8.A)He should not put the cart before the horse

　　B)His conduct does not square withhis words

　　C)His attitude to studentgovernment has changed

　　D)He has long been involved in student government

　　Questions 9 to 11 are based on theconversation you have just heard

　　9.A)She left her own car inManchester

　　B)Something went wrong with hercar

　　C)She wants to go traveling on theweekend

　　D)Her car won,t be back in aweek,s time

　　10.A)Safety

　　B)Size

　　C)Comfort

　　D)Cost

　　11.A)Third-party insurance

　　B)Value-added tax

　　C)Petrol

　　D)CDW

　　Questions 12 to 15 are based onthe conversation you have just heard

　　12.A)How to update the basicfacilities

　　B)What to do to enhance theirposition

　　C)Where to locate their plant

　　D)How to attract investments

　　13.A)Their road link to other European countries is fast

　　B)They are all located in thesouth of France

　　C)They are very close to eachother

　　D)Their basic facilities are good

　　14.A)Try to avoid making a hastydecision

　　B)Take advantage of the train links

　　C)Talk with the local authorities

　　D)Conduct field surveys first

　　15.A)Future product distribution

　　B)Local employment policies

　　C)Road and rail links for smalltowns

　　D)Skilled workforce in the hillyregion

　　Section B

　　Directions:In this section,youwill hear 3 short passages..At the end of each passage, you will hear somequestions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After youhear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices markedA),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with asingle line through the centre.

　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

　　Passage one

　　Questions 16 to 18 are based on thepassage you have just haard.

　　16.A)One fifth of them were on badterms with their sisters and broithers.

　　B)About one eighth of themadmitted to lingering bitter feelings.

　　C)More than half of them wereinvolved in inheritance disputes.

　　D)Most of them had broken withtheir sisters and brothers.

　　17.A)Less concern with moneymatters.

　　B)More experience in worldlyaffairs.

　　C)Advance in age.

　　D)Freedom from work.

　　18.A)They have little time left torenew contact with their brothers and sisters.

　　B)They tend to forget past unhappymemories and focus on their present needs .

　　C)They are more tolerant of oneanother.

　　D)They find close relatives morereliable.

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 19 to 22 are based onthe passage you have just heard.

　　19.A)They have bright colors andintricate patterns.

　　B)They can only survive in partsof the Americas.

　　D)They have strong wings capableof flying long distances.

　　20.A)In a Michigan mountainforest.

　　B)In a Louisiana mountain forest.

　　C)In a Kentucky mountain forest.

　　D)In aMexican mountain forest.

　　21.A)Each flock of butterflieslays eggs in the same states.

　　B)They start to lay eggs when theyare nine months old.

　　C)Each generation in a cycle layseggs at a different place.

　　D)Only the strongest can reachtheir destination to lay eggs.

　　22.A)Evolution of monarchbutterflies.

　　B)Living habits of monarchbutterflies.

　　C)Migration patterns of monarchbutterflies.

　　D)Environmental impacts on monarch butterfly life.

　　Passage Three

　　Questions 23 to 25 are based onthe passage you habe just heard.

　　23.A)Time has become more limited

　　B)Time has become more precious

　　C)Time is money

　　D)Time is relative

　　24.A)Americams now attach moreimportance to the effective use of time.

　　B)Americans today have more freetime than earlier generations

　　C)The number of hours Americanswork has increased steadily

　　D)More and more Americans feel pressed for time nowadays

　　25.A)Our interpersonalrelationships improve

　　B)Our work efficiency increasesgreatly.

　　C)Our living habits are altered

　　D)Our behavior is changed

　　Section C

　　Directions: In this section,youwill hear a passage three times.when the passage isRead for the first time,youshould listen carefully for its general idea.when the passage is read for the secondtime.you are required to fill the blanks with the exact words you have justheard ,Finally,when the passage is read for the third time,you should checkwhat you have written.

　　The first copyright law in the United States was passed by Congressin1790. .In1976 Congress enacted the latest copyright law, __(26) __ thetechnological developments that had occurredsince the passage of the Copyright Act of 1909. For example,in 1909,anyone whowanted to make a single copy of a __(27) __ workfor personal use had to do so by hand.The very process__(28) __ a limitation on the quantity of materials copied. Today, aphotocopier can do the work in seconds; the limitation has diasppeared. The 1909 law did not provide fullprotection for films and suond recording,nordid it__(29) __ the need to protect radio and television. As a result,__(30) __of the law and abuese of the intent of the law have lessened the__(31)__ rewards of authors,artises,and producers.The1976 Copyright Act has not prevented these abuses fully, but it has clarifiedthe legal rights of the injured parties and given them an__(32) __for remedy.

　　since 1976 the Act has been__(33)__ to inclued computer sofrware,and guiedlines have been adpoted for fair use of television broadcases.These changes havecleared up much of the confusion and conflictthat followed__(34) __ the 1976 legislation.

　　The fine points of the law are decided by the courts and by acceptablecommon practice over time.As these decisions and agreements are made,we modifyour behavior accordingly. For now,we need to__(35) __ the law and itsguidelines as accurately as we can and to act in a fair manner.

　　Part III Rdading Comprehension (40minutes)

　　Section A

　　Directions:In this section, thereis a passage with ten blanks,You are required to select One word for each blankfrom a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.

　　Read the passage through carefully before making yourchoices. Each choice in the bamk is identified by a letter.Please mark thecorresponding letter for each item on　Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre You may not useany of the words in the bank more than once.

　　For investors who desire low riskand guaranteed income,U.S. Government bonds are a secure investment becausethese bonds have the financial backing and full faith and credit of the federalgovernment.Municipal bonds,also secure,are offered by local governmengts andoften have____36______such as tax-free interest.Some may even be____37______.Corportate bonds are a bit more risky.

　　Two questionsoften_____38_____first-time corportate bond investors.The first is”If I purchase a corportate bond,do I have to hold it until thematueity date?”The answer is no.Bonds are bought and sold daily on____39_____securities exchanges.However,if your bond does not have____40_____that make it attractive to other investors, you may be forced to sell your bondat a____41____i.e., a price less than the bond’s face value. But if your bond is highly valued by otherinvestors, you may be able to sell it at a premium, i.e., a price above itsface value. Bond prices gcncrally____42____ inversely (相反地)with current market interest rates. Asinterest rates go up, bond pnccs tall, and vice versa (反之亦然).Thus, like all investments，bonds have adegree of risk.

　　The second question is “How can I ___43_______ the investment risk of a particular bondissue?” Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s Investors Service rate the level of risk of many corporateand government bonds. And ____44______, the higher the market risk of a bond，the higher the interest rate. Investors willinvest in a bond considered risky only if the _____45_____return is highenough.

　　注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

　　A) advantages　I) fluctuate

　　B) assess　J) indefinite

　　C) bother K) insured

　　D) conserved　L) major

　　E) deduction　M) naturally

　　F) discount　N) potential

　　G) embarrass　0) simultaneously

　　H) features

　　Section B

　　Directions:In this section,youare going to read a passage with ten statments attached to it.each statementcontains information given in one of the paragraphs.identify the paragraph fromweich the information is derived.you may choose a parpgraph more than once.eachparagraph is marked with a letter.answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on answer sheet 2.

　　lessons from a Feminist Paradise

　　[A]On the surface,Sweden appearsto be a feminist paradise.Look at any global survey of gender equality andSweden will be near the top.Family-friendly policies are its norm-with 16months of paid parental leave,special protections for part-time workers,and state-subsidizedpreschools where,according to a government website,"gender-awarenesseducation is increasingly common."due to an unfficial quota system,womenhold 45 percent of positions in the swedish parliament.they have enjoyed theprotection of government agencies with titles like the Ministry of Integrationand Gender Equality and the Secretariat of Gender Research.So why are Americanwomen so far ahead of their Swedish counterparts in breaking through the glassceiling?

　　[B]in a 2012 report,the World EconomicForum found that when it comes to closing the gender gap in"econmicparticipation and opportunity,"the United States is ahead of not onlySweden but also Finland,Denmark,the Netherlands,Iceland,Germany,and the UnitedKingdom.Sweden's rank in the report can largely be explained by its politicalquota system.Though the United States has fewer women in the workorce(68percent compared to Sweden's 77 percent).American women who choose to beemployed are far more likely to work full-time and to hold high-level jobs asmanangers or professionals.They also own more businesses,lauch more start-ups(新创办的企业),and more often work in traditionally malefields.As for breaking through the glass ceiling in business,American women arewell in the lead.

　　[C]what explains the Americanadvantage?How can it be that societies like Sweden,where gender equality isvigorously pusued and engorced,have fewer femalemanagers,executives,professionals,and business owners than eh laissez-faire(自由放任的)united states?A new study by clrnelleconomists Francine Blau and Lawrence Kahn gives an explanation.

　　[D]Generous parental leavepolicies and readily available part-time options have unintendedconsequences:instead of strengthening women's attachment to the workplace,theyappear to weaken it.In addition to a 16-month leave,a swedish parent has theright to work six hours a day (for a reduced salary)until his or her child iseight years old.Mothers are far more likely than fathers to take advantage ofthis law,But extended leaves and part-time employment are known to be harmfulto careers—for both genders. And with women a second factor comes intoplay:most seem to enjoy the flexible-time arrangement(once known as the “mommytrack”)and never find their way back tofull-time or high-level employment.In sum:generous family-friendly policies dokeep more women in the labor market,but they also tend to diminisb theircareers.

　　[E] According to Blau andKahn,Swedish-style paternal(父亲的)leavepolicies and flexibletime arrangements pose a second threat to woman’s progress:they make employers cautious about hiring woman forfull-time positions at all.Offering ajob to a man is the safer bet.He is farless likely to take a year of parental leave and then return on a reduced workschedule for the next eight years.

　　[F]I became aware of the triale ofcareer-focused European woman a few years ago when I met a post-doctoralstudent from Germany who was then a visiting fellow at Johns Hopkins. She wasastonished by the professional possibilities afforded to young American woman.Her best hope in Germany was agovermment job—prospects for woman in the private sector were dim.”In Germany “ she told me,”we have all the benefits,”but employers don’t’ wan to hire us.”

　　[G] Swedish economists MagnusHenrekson and Mikael Stenkula addressed the following question in their 2009study:why are there so few female top executives in the European egalitarian(平等主义的)welfare states?Their answer:”Broad-based welfare-state policies hinder women’s representation in elitecompetitive positions.”

　　[H] It is tempting to declare theSwedish policies regressive(退步的)and hail theAmerican system as superior.But that would be shortsighted.The Swedes cancertainly take a lesson from the United States and look for ways to clear apath for their ambitious female careerists. But most woman are not committsdcareerists.When the Pew Research Center recently asked American parents toidentify their”ideal”life arrangement,47 percent of mothers said they would prefer towork park-time and 20percent said they would prefer not to work at all.Fathersanswered differrntly:75 percent preferred full-time work.Some version of theSwedish system might work well for a majority of American parents,but theUnited States is unlikely to fully embrace the Swedish model. Still,we canlearn from their experience.

　　[I] Despite its failure to shatter the glass ceiling,Sweden has one ofthe most powerful and innovative economies in the world.In its2011-2012survey,the World Economic Forum ranked Sweden as the “rockstar of the recovery”in the Washington Post,also leads the world in life satisfactionand happiness. It is a society well worth studying,and its efforts to conquerthe gender gap impart a vital lesson—though not the lesson the Swedeshad in mind。

　　[J] Sweden has gone farther thanany other nation on earth to integrate the sexes and to offer women the sameopportunities and freedoms as men.For decades,these descendants of the Vikingshave been trying to show the world that the right mix of enlinghtenedpolicy.consciousness raising, and non-sexist child rearingwould close thegender divide once and for all.Yet the divide persists.

　　[K] A 2012 press release fromStatistics Sweden bears the title “Gender Equality in SwedenTreading(踩)Water” and notes:

　　1、The total income from employment for all ages is lower for womenthan for men.

　　2、One in three employed women and one in ten employed men work part-time.

　　3、Women's working time is influenced by the number and age oftheirchildren, but men′s working time is not affected bythese factors.

　　4、Of all employees，only 13 percent of thewomen and 12 percent of the men have occupations with an even distribution ofthe sexes.

　　[L] Confronted with such facts,some Swedish activists and legislators are demanding more ex-treme andfar-reaching measures, such as replacing male and female pronouns with aneutral alternative and monitoring children more closely to correct them whenthey gravitahta(被吸引) toward genderedplay. When it came to light last year that mothers, far more than fathers,chose to stay home from work to care for their sick kids. Ulf Kristersson.minister of social security, quickly commissioned a study to determine thecauscs of and possiiblce cures for this disturbing stale of affairs.

　　[M]Swcdish family policies, byaccommodating women's preferences efleetively, are reduting the number of womenin elite competitive positions. The Swedes will find this paradoxical and tryto find solutions. Let us hope these do not include banning gender pronouns,policing children′s play, implementing more gender quotas, or treating women′s special attachment to home and family as a social injustice.Most mothers do not aspire to (向往) elite,competitive full-time positions: the Swedish policies have given them thefreedom and opportunity to live the lives they prefer. Americans should lookpast the gender rhetoric and consider what these Scandina-vians have achieved.On their way to creating a feminist paradise, the Swedes have uninten-tionallycreated a haven (避风港) for normal mortals.

　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

　　46.Sweden has done more than othernations to close the gender gap. but it conimucs 10 exist.

　　47.Sweden is one of the mostcompetitive economics life satisfaction.

　　48. More American women hold elitejob positions in business than Swedish women.

　　49. Swedish family-friendlypolicies tend to exert a negative influence on women′s careers.

　　50.The quota system in Swedenensures women′s better representation ingovernment.

　　51.Though the Swedish modelappears workable for most American parents, it may not be accepted by them inits entirety.

　　52.Swedish women are allowed thefreedom and opportunity to choose their own way of life.

　　53.Swedish employers are hesitantabout hiring women for full-time positions because of the family-friendly policies.

　　54.Gender-awareness education isbecoming more and more popular in state-subsidized preschools in Sweden.

　　55.Some lawmakers in Swedenpropose that genderless pronouns be used in the Swedish language.

　　Section C

　　Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by somequestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A). B). C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 56to 60 are based on the following passage.

　　Texting haslong been bemoaned (哀叹)as the downfall of the written word,””penmanship for illiter,”as one criticcalled it. To which the proper response is LOL.

　　Textingproperly isn′t writing at all. It′s a “spoken” language that is getting richer and more complexby the year.

　　First,somehistorical perspective. Writing was only invented 5,500 years ago. whereasIanguage probably traces back at least 80.000 years. Thus talking came first;writing is just a craft that came along later. As such, the first writing wasbased on the way people talk，with short sentences.

　　However,while talking is largely subconscious and rapid, writing is deliberate andslow, Over time,writers took advantage of this and started cratting long-windedsentences such as this one:The whole engagement lasted above 12 hours, till thegradual retreat of the Per trsians was changed into a disorderlyflight, of which the shameful example was given by the principal leaders and……”

　　No one talkslike that casually — or should. But it is natural to desire to do so forspecial occasions. In the old days, we didn’t much write like talking because therewas no mechanism to reproduce the speed of conversation. But texting andinstant messaging do — and a revolution has begun. It involves the crude mechanicsof writing, but in its economy, spontaneity and even vulgaritv. texting isactually a new kind of talking, with its own kind of grammar and conventions.

　　Take LOL. Itdoesn’t actuallymean “laughing outloud” in a literalsense anymore. LOL has evolved into something much subtler and sophisticatedand is used even when nothing is remotely amusing. Jocelyn texts “Where haveyou been?” andAnnabelle texts back ，LOL at the library studying for two hours.” LOL signalsbasic empath)’(同感)betweentcxters. easing tension and creating a sense of equality. Instead of having aliteral meaning, it docs something - conveying an attitude — just likethe -cd ending conveys past tense rather than “meaning.，anything. LOL. of all things, isgrammar.

　　Of course noone thinks about that consciously. But then most of communication operateswithout being noticed. Over time, the meaning of a word or an expression driftsmeat used to mean any kind of food, silly used to mean, believe it or not，blessed.

　　Civilization,then，isfine 一 people banging away on their smartphones arefluently using a code separate from the one they use in actual writing, andthere is no evidence that texting is ruining composition skills. Worldwidepeople speak differently from the w ay they write, and texting -quick, casualand only intended to be read once — is actually a way of talking with yourfingers.

　　56. What docritics say about texting?

　　A) It is mainlyconfined to youngsters

　　B) It competeswith traditional writing.

　　C) It willruin the wnttcn language.

　　D) It isoften hard to understand.

　　57. In what waydoes the author say writing is different from talking?

　　A) It is craftedwith specific skills.

　　C) It doesnot have as long a history.

　　B) It expressesideas more accuratcly.

　　D) It is notas easy to comprehend.

　　58. Why is LOLmuch used in tcxting?

　　A) It bringstextcrs closer to each other.

　　B) It shows thetcxtcr's sophistication.

　　C) It is atrendy way to communicate

　　D) It adds tothe humor of the text

　　59. Examples likemeat and silly are cited to show

　　A) thedifTerencc between writing and talking

　　B) howdifTercntly words are used in tcxting

　　C) why peopleuse the words the way they do

　　D) the gradualchange of word meaning

　　60.what doesthe author think of texting?

　　A)Itfacilitates exchange of ideas among people.

　　B)It is a newform of verbal communication.

　　C)Itdeteriorates pelple's composition skills.

　　D)It hastensthe decline of the written word.

　　Passage Two

　　Questions61to 65are based on the following passage.

　　it's possibleto admire oprah winfrey and still wish Harvard hadn't awarded her an honorarydoctor of law degree and the commencement(毕业典礼)speaker spot at yesterday's graduation.There's noquestion Oprah's achievements place her in the temple of American successstories. Talent,charm,and an exceptional work ethic have rarely hurled anyoneof world's most successful entertainment icons and the first African-Americanfemale billionaire.

　　Honorarydegrees are often conferred on non-academic leaders in the arts,business,andpolitics.Harvard's list in recent years has included Kofi fi Annan,BillGates,Meryl Streep,and David Souter.But Oprah's list in recent years hasincluded Kofi Annan,Bill Gates,Mery1 Streep,and david souter.But Oprah'sparticular brand of celebrity is not a good fit for the values of a universitywhose motto(座右铭),Veritas,means truth.Oprah's passionate advocacyextends,unfortunately,to a hearty embrace of fake science.Mostnotoriously,Oprah's validation of jenny McCarthy's claim that vaccines causeautism(自闭症)has no doubt contributed to much harmthrough the foolish avoidance of vaccines.

　　Famous peoplearc entitled to a few failings, like the rest of us. and the choice ofcommencement speakers often reflects a balance of insututional pnonties andaspirations. Judging from our conversations with many students. Oprah was awidely popular choice.

　　But this voteof confidence in Oprah sends a troubling message at precisely the time whenAmerican univereities need to do more to advance the cause of reason. As formerDean of Harvard College. Harry Lewis, noted in a blog post about hisobjections. “It seems vcrvodd for Harvard to honor such a high profile popularizer of the irrational…… at a timewhen political and religious nonsense so jeopardize the rule of reason in thisallegedly enlightened democracy and around the world.”

　　As America′s oldest andmost visible university. Harvard has a spccial opportunity to convey itsrespcct for science not only through its research and teaching programs butalso in its public affirmation of evidence-based inquiry.

　　Unfortunately，many American universitiesseem awfully busy protecting their brand name and not nearly busy enoughprotecting the pursuit of knowledge. A recent article in The Harvard Crimsonnoted the shocking growth of Harvard′s public relations arm in the last fiveyears and it questioned whether a focus on risk management and avoidingcontroversywas really the best outward-looking face of this great institution.

　　As Americanresearch universities begin to resemble profit centers and entertainment complexes, it’s easy tolose sight of their primary mission; to produce and spread knowledge.This missiondepends on traditions of rational discourse and vigorous defense of the scientificmethod.Oprah Winfrey’s honoray doctorate was a step in the wrong direction.

　　61.what do welearn about Oprah Winfrey from the passage?

　　A)She was adistinguished graduate of H arvard School of LaW.

　　B)She workedher way to success in the entertainment industry.

　　C)She used toabuse her children when she was a young mother.

　　D)Sheachieved her fame through persistent advocacy of fake science.

　　62.Why doesthe author deem it inappropriate for Harvard to confer an honorary degree onOprah winfrey?

　　A) She did notspecialize in the study of law.

　　B)She wasknown as a supporter of fake science.

　　C)She was an iconof the entertainment industry

　　D)She had notdistinguished herself academically.

　　63.How didHarry Lewis react to Harvard’s decision in his blong post ?

　　A)He wasstrongly against it.

　　B)Heconsidered it unpopular.

　　C)He thoughtit would help enhance Harvard’s reputation.

　　D)He thoughtit represented the will ofthe Harvard community.

　　64.What isthe author’s regretabout many American universities?

　　A)They show inadequate respect forevidence-based inquiry

　　B)They fallshort of expectations in teaching and research

　　C)They attachtoo much importance to public relations

　　D)They aretolerant of political and religious nonsense

　　65.What doesthe author think a prestigious university like H arvard should focus on?

　　A)Cultivationof student creativity

　　B)Liberationof the human mind

　　C)Liberationof the human mind

　　D)Pursuit ofknowledge and truth

　　Part IV Translation (30minutes)

　　翻译一：

　　北京计划未来三年投资7，600亿元治理污染，从减少PM2.5排放入手，这一新公布的计划旨在减少四种主要污染源，包括500多万俩机动车的尾气(exhaust)排放、周边地区燃煤、来自北方的沙尘暴和本地的建筑灰尘。另有850亿元用于新建或升级城市垃圾处理和污水(sewage)处理设施，加上300亿元投资未来三年的植树造林(forestation) 市政府还计划建造一批水循环利用工厂，并制止违章建筑，以改善环境。另外，将更严厉地处罚违反限排规定的行为。

　　翻译二：

　　最近，中国科学院(Chinese A cademy of Sciences ) 出版了关于其最新科学发现与未来一年展望的年度系列报告。系列报告包括三部分：科学发展报告、高技术发展报告、中国可持续发展战略报告。第一份报告包含中国科学家的最新发现，诸如新粒子研究与H7N9病毒研究的突破，该报告还突出强调了未来几年需要关注的问题。第二份报告公布了一些应用科学研究的突破。该报告还突出强调了未来几年需要关注的问题。第二份报告公布了一些应用科学研究的热门领域。如3D打印和人造器官研究。第三份报告呼吁加强顶层设计，以消除工业升级中的结构性障碍，并促进节能减排。

　　翻译三：

　　中文热词通常反映社会变化和文化，有些在外国媒体上愈来愈流行。例如，土豪(tuhao)和大妈(dama)都是老词，但是已获取了新的意义。 土豪以前指欺压佃户和仆人的乡村地主，现在用于指花钱如流水或者喜欢炫耀财富的人，也就是说，土豪有钱，但没有品位。大妈是对中年妇女的称呼，但现在特指不久前金价下跌时大量购买黄精的中国妇女。土豪和大妈可能会被人收入新版牛津(Oxford)英语词典，至今已有约120个中文词被加进了牛津英语词典，成为了英语语言的一部分。