英语六级听力四大题型备考攻略

　　听力题型占据英语六级考试的35%，如果能在听力部分取得高分，那么最终的六级成绩也一定不会低。本文主要对听力四大题型进行解析，希望对考生们有所帮助。

　　一、短对话部分

　　短对话加强了对场景词汇和语义替换的要求。如直接考察地点“失物招领处”的第17题和重拳出击住房场景的第11题：

　　11.W: This is one of our best and least expensive two-bedroom listings. It’s located in a quiet building and it’s close to bus lines.

　　M: That maybe true. But look at it, it’s awful, the paint has peeled off and carpet is worn and the stove is ancient.

　　Q: What can we infer from the conversation?

　　其中包含若干住房场景词汇，如油漆剥落、地毯破损、炉具老旧等。如果之前没有专门进行若干场景单词的积累，恐怕解题会有难度。

　　又如需要理解和语义替换的第14题：

　　M: This truck looks like what I need but I’m worried about maintenance. For us it’ll have to operate for long periods of time in very cold temperatures.

　　W: We have several models that are especially adaptive for extreme conditions. Would you like to see them?

　　Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?

　　正确答案是A) He needs a vehicle to be used in harsh weather.原文中，男士说担忧卡车的维护，提出truck(替换选项的Vehicle，车辆)需要operate for long periods of time in very cold temperatures，意思是能够满足长时间在严寒中使用。 very cold temperatures和extreme conditions即对应harsh weather.关于“严寒的极端天气”这种说法，早在之前06年6月17日的考试当中就出现过，见当年第三篇短文的18题选项A) How animals survive harsh conditions in the wild.

　　短对话应对策略方面，首先，在这里有针对性的给大家总结一下属于听力基础部分的常见场景词汇

　　校园场景：

　　freshman大一学生，sophomore大二学生，junior student大三学生， senior student大四学生，高年级学生， undergraduate student本科生， graduate student / postgraduate student研究生， tutor / mentor / director / supervisor导师，take the course选课，drop the course 退课，register注册，sign up for the course选课，seminar讨论班， selective course /elective course/optional course选修课，requirement / required course/compulsory必修课，credit学分，introductory course初级课程，advanced course高级课程，skip the class翘课，paper/ essay/ thesis论文， librarian图书管理员，due到期， renew续借， back number过刊， latest issue最新一期， journal期刊， periodical 期刊

　　职场场景：

　　promotion提升、升职， immediate boss顶头上司，qualification 资历，certificate证书， quit/ resign 辞职，retire退休， lay off 失业， credential 文凭， apply for the job申请工作， applicant 申请者， resume简历(注意发音)，position职位， occupation职位， job vacancy 职务空缺， job opening 职位空缺

　　租房与宾馆场景：

　　renter/ tenant 房客， landlord地主/房东， lease租约/租契， utilities水电气费用， let租， furniture家具， carpet地毯， stove炉子， oven炉子， suite套房(注意发音)， hotel receptionist 酒店前台接待员， room service 客房服务， reservation 预订，be booked up订满

　　修理工场景：

　　plumber 管工， mechanic 机师， electrician 电工， carpenter 木匠， telephone repairman 修理工(以上四个单词请见2001年1月六级短对话第7题四个选项), fix 修理， garage 车库， vacuum 吸尘器， refrigerator电冰箱， fuse保险丝

　　其次，要和大家着重强调一下语义理解题中but的重要性。如第13题——

　　W: The handle of the suitcase is broken. Can you have it fixed by next Tuesday?

　　M: Let me see, I need to find a handle that matches but that shouldn’t take too long.

　　Q: What does the man mean?

　　答案The suitcase can be fixed in time.在男人的话中，首先说明需要找到一个“可以匹配的把手”，但接下来就用一个but说明这个修理过程不会持续很久，也就是我们的答案in time的来源。

　　又比如第18题——

　　M: What are you going to do with the old house you are in heritage from your grandfather?

　　W: I once intended to sell it, but now, I’m thinking of turning it into a guest house, because it's still a solid structure.

　　Q: What does the man plan to do with his old house?

　　答案Convert it into a hotel.就是来自于女人答语的but后面。如果错误关注于but前方的内容once intended to sell it，就会认为“应该卖掉”，但听到but之后，才知道答案是turn it into a guest house,也就是说convert into a hotel的替换。

　　最后，还是要再次和大家谈谈短对话真题的重复性。

　　比如刚刚说过的第18题，其中的定位点but和答案点turn it into替换convert，都是来自于1999年6月份六级考试的听力真题第8题——

　　A) He may convert it and use it as a restaurant.

　　B) He may pull it down and build a new restaurant.

　　C) He may rent it out for use as a restaurant.

　　D) He may sell it to the owner of a restaurant.

　　正确答案A，其中也是以convert成为考点。该题原文——

　　M: What is Mr. Peterson going to do with his old house on London Road? Rent it or sell it?

　　W: I heard he is thinking of turning it into a restaurant, which isn’t a bad idea, because it’s still a solid building.

　　Q: What will Mr. Peterson do with his old house?

　　同样考察了turn it into和convert的同义替换。

　　二、长对话部分

　　长对话整体出题较为规整，但也不排除推陈出新的题目，比如第二篇的22题，选项设置很巧妙。

　　长对话解题思路：a，边听边标记，选项被大部分读到、少部分替换即优选。b，注意逻辑词提示，如but，however，because，so等。c，注意极端词提示，如most，only，absolutely，whole，entire等。d，注意语气语调语速的变化(这点希望考生再对照答案位置关注一下原文放音体会一下)。

　　19. A. Unique descriptive skills.

　　B. Good knowledge of readers’ tastes.

　　C. Colorful world experiences.

　　D. Careful plotting and clueing.

　　20. A. A peaceful setting.

　　B. A spacious room.

　　C. To be in the right mood.

　　D. To be entirely alone.

　　21. A. They rely heavily on their own imagination.

　　B. They have experiences similar to the characters’.

　　C. They look at the world in a detached manner.

　　D. They are overwhelmed by their own prejudices.

　　答案是——

　　19. D. Careful plotting and clueing.

　　20. D. To be entirely alone.

　　21. C. They look at the world in a detached manner.

　　长对话第一篇原文——

　　W: When you write a novel, do you know where you’re going, Dr. James?

　　M: Yes, you must, really, if you’re writing the classical detective story,(19题答案位置，引导词为because和must，选项重现答案点的原文单词plot和clue，且在后一句紧接着用but引导的I do plan before I begin writing来再度确认选项答案。)because it must be so carefully plotted and so carefully clued. I have schemes. I have charts. I have diagrams. It doesn’t mean to say that I always get it right, but I do plan before I begin writing.But what is so fascinating is how a book changes during the process of writing. It seems to me that creative writing is a process of revelation, really, rather than of creativity in the ordinary sense.

　　W: When you’re planning the basic structure, do you like to go away to be sure that you’re by yourself?

　　M:(第20题答案位置，放音此时出现非常明确的语气强调，且出现引导词absolutely和but、completely等表达)I need to be by myself certainly, absolutely. I can’t even bare anybody else in the house. I don’t mind much where I am as long as I’ve got enough space to write, but I need to be completely alone.

　　W: Is that very important to you?

　　M: Oh, yes. I’ve never been lonely in all my life.

　　W: How extraordinary! Never?

　　M: No, never.

　　W: (第21题答案位置。用上下两句对话说明作家的特点。先说明The writer can stand aside from experience and look at it, watch it happening接下来用了一个单词detachment的重现直指答案They look at the world in a detached manner，其中detached译为“不带感情的，超然的”。)You’re very lucky. Someone once said that there’s a bit of ice at the heart of every writer.

　　M: Yes. I think this is true. The writer can stand aside from experience and look at it, watch it happening. There is this‘detachment’ and I realize that there are obviously experiences which would overwhelm everyone.But very often, a writer can appear to stand aside, and this detachment makes people feel there’s a bit of ice in the heart.

　　Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　19. What is the key to write a good classical detective story according to the man?

　　20. What does the man mainly need when working on a book?

　　21. What does the man say about writers?

　　关于逻辑词提示这一点，我们再看一下这套题目的第二篇长对话开篇——

　　W: There is an element there about competition then, isn’t there? Because British railways are a nationalized industry. There’s only one railway system in the country. If you don’t like a particular kind of big beans, you can go and buy another.(这是该篇第一道题目第22题答案的位置。正确选项Like it or not, you have to use them，即是从but后方内容得到的形象概括。)But if you don't like a particular railway, you can’t go and use another.

　　M: Some people who write to me say this…

　　三、短文部分

　　2010年12月的短文题目延续了近年来对于普及新知识的重视。关于短文的传统解题方法我在之前各期六级听力的相关解题技巧讲解的文章中已经多次提到，这里就不再赘述。针对普及新知识的类型文章，我这里将和大家分享一些除了逻辑词、视听基本一致等基本解题思路外的信息。

　　以该套题目第一篇短文为例——

　　(文章最开始的首句群出现开篇26题答案位置，选项即原文重现)Among global warming’s most frightening threats is the prediction is that the polar ice-caps will melt, raising sea level so much that coastal cities from New York to Los Angles to Shanghai will be flooded.Scientists agree that key player in this scenario is the West Antarctic ice sheet, a Brazil-size mass of frozen water that is much as 7000 feet thick. Unlike floating ice shelves which have little impact on sea level when they break up, the ice sheet is anchored to bedrock will blow the sea surface. Surrounded by open ocean, it is also vulnerable, (注意but的逻辑词引导，这是第27题答案位置)but Antarctic experts disagree strongly on just how unstable it is.(细节题，第28题答案位置，和选项几乎相同的原文重现)Now, new evidence reveals that all or most of the Antarctic ice sheet collapsed at least once during the past 1.3 million years, a period when global temperatures probably were not significantly higher than they are today. And the ice sheet was assumed to have been stable. In geological time, a million years is recent history. The proof, which was published(提示第29题latest finding)last weekin Science, comes from a team of scientists from Uppsala University in Sweden and California Institute of Technology who drew deep holes near the edge of ice sheet. Within samples collected from the solid substances lying beneath the ice. They found fossils of microscopic marine plants which(第29题答案位置，注意结论性的语句)suggest that the region was once open ocean not solid ice.As Herman Engleheart, a co-author from the California Institute of Technology says, ‘the West Antarctic ice sheet disappear once and can disappear again.’

　　26. What is one of the most frightening threats of global warming according to the passage?

　　答案：Many coastal cities will be covered with water.

　　27. What did scientists disagree on?

　　答案：How unstable the West Antarctic ice sheet is.

　　28. What is the latest information revealed about the West Antarctic ice sheet?

　　答案：It collapsed at least once during the past 1.3 million years.

　　29. What the scientists’ latest findings suggest?

　　答案：The West Antarctic region was once a open ocean.

　　本文属于地理科学类文章，涉及到全球气候变暖、极地冰川融化等近年来很热门的环境问题。其中包含一些专业词汇，如West Antarctic ice sheet西南极洲冰原，ice shelf 冰架， fossil 化石， microscopic marine plants海洋微生物，等等。除了专业词汇的困扰外，文章中出现的大数字也会在听力放音中给众多考生加压。文章结尾选取的Herman Engleheart的引语，给全篇的科学实验做出了一个结论，也就是西南极冰原可能再度融化。

　　在这类专业性较强的文章里，一定要听明白文章首句群——在文章的开头三到四句话中往往会交代这篇文章研究的领域或者提出的科学猜想，这对于解题至关重要。通常在这样的首句群之后，文章将进行到相关的数据例证或者实验分析，这时候，由于文章本身出题数量的限制，经常是没有需要总结或概括的题目出现的，所以，在数据列举和实验分析的过程，即使出题也很可能只是细节的题目，这个时候应用视听基本一致就变得非常简单。文章的结尾往往很重要，通常会有结论出现。基本在所有的新知识普及型文章中，都有两个通用的出题点——a，实验带来的最终结论;b，科学研究者的直接引用观点即得出的最可能的理论和设想。所以，请大家注意如a, research/ survey/ statistics/ evidence/ studies…+ show/ reveal/ indicate…和b, scientist/ researcher/ a certain scientist’s name…+ believe/ find/ discover/ estimate…组合后方的内容，往往是答案所在的区域。

　　此外，请大家关注一下两个话题近两年在网络上的相关文章：a，环保、新能源、新材料;b，健康和医疗新突破。

　　四、复合式听写

　　1， 审题。先看第一句，判断出该篇的主题、感情基调及时态。再看单词空格前后的单词或短语，以此推知空格中所填单词的词性甚至词义。此外还需注意句子空格前后是什么单词，以判断句子的起止点。

　　2， 速记。复合式听写在第一遍读文章时，时间是比较不够用的，所以如何锻炼自己速记能力很重要。如departmentdept., difficultdifft, three months later 3m>, eight days ago<8d等。对于写字慢的同学，句子不一定完全照搬，可以记下重点词，之后凭印象和逻辑连词成句。

　　3， 注意单词拼写。一般常考的单词是名词和动词。名词需要注意单复数，动词需要注意时态。句子中如果遇到不会拼写的单词，可用同义词替换。

　　例题：

　　2009年6月六级考试复合式听写第36题

　　English is the leading international language. In different countries around the globe, English is acquired as the mother (36)________, in others it’s used as a second language.

　　答案：tongue

　　相信大部分同学只要看了这句话，就都可以猜出在空格里填入的单词和前面mother构成的短语意思应该是“母语”，于是填入tongue。实际上这个空格是无需听音即可填出的。

　　例题：

　　1999年6月六级考试复合式听写第S1题

　　President Clinton later today joins (S1) ________presidents Ford, Garter and Bush at “the president’s summit for American’s future” aimed at recruiting one million volunteer tutors…

　　答案： former

　　同样的，无需听音，即可猜出S1空格应和presidents搭配意为“前总统”，于是填入former.

　　最后，祝各位考生在考试中取得满意的成绩!